Adoption Reviews - Children
Scope of this chapter
This chapter applies to the reviews where the adoption agency has authority to place a child for adoption either through a Placement Order or Parental Consent to Adoptive Placement. It sets out the different timescales that apply depending on whether or not the child has been placed for adoption by the adoption agency.
Related guidance
- Appointment and Role of Independent Reviewing Officers
- Inter Country Adoption
- Recruitment, Assessment and Approval of Prospective Adopters
- Disruption of Adoptive Placements
- Promoting the Education of Looked After and Previously Looked After Children (DfE)
Amendment
This chapter was refreshed in February 2024.
Once an adoption agency has Authority to Place for Adoption, there is a requirement to review the child's case under the Adoption Agencies Regulations 2005. Until the child is placed for adoption, this runs alongside the requirement to hold a Children Looked After Review in relation to the child - see Children Cared For Reviews Procedure.
The child's Social Worker should provide written information about the intended arrangements for Adoption Reviews, to the child (depending on age and understanding), to the prospective adopters (usually this will be part of the Adoption Placement Plan), and to any other person considered relevant, such as the child's parents.
All Adoption Reviews will be chaired by the child's Independent Reviewing Officer.
The child's Social Worker, in conjunction with the Independent Reviewing Officer, will invite relevant persons to Adoption Reviews.
There is no requirement to invite birth parents to Adoption Reviews or to consult them prior to a Review, but this is good practice and the child's Social Worker, in conjunction with the Independent Reviewing Officer, may consider that their views should be ascertained in advance and reported to an Adoption Review or that the parents should be invited in appropriate cases.
The timescales for holding Adoption Reviews will depend on whether the child has been placed for adoption.
Where the child has not been placed for adoption, arrangements must be made so that an Adoption Review is held:
- No later than 3 months after authority to place the child for adoption has been obtained;
- At least every 6 months thereafter until an adoptive placement is made.
Where the child has been placed for adoption, arrangements must be made so that an Adoption Review is held:
- Within 4 weeks of the placement;
- The second review will take place prior to the child being in placement for 10 weeks, to include consideration of the Adoption application being made to the court and agreeing the timescales for this;
- At least every 6 months thereafter until an Adoption Order has been made or the adoptive placement ends.
Where there are concerns that the placement is at risk of breaking down, an Adoption Review must be convened immediately. Where a placement breaks down, see Disruption of Adoptive Placements Procedure.
Where a placement has been made with parental consent and notice is received that such consent has been withdrawn, a Review must be convened immediately and urgent legal advice should be taken as to whether there are grounds for an application for an Emergency Protection Order/Interim Care Order (if no Care Order exists) and/or a Placement Order.
Unless there are exceptional circumstances, for example child protection concerns and/or significant risk, no decision to move a child from a placement shall take place without a formal review having taken place. In such circumstances, legal advice should be sought as soon as possible and prior to any action being taken.
The child's Social Worker must inform the Independent Reviewing Officer of any failure to make arrangements agreed at a review or any significant changes in the child's circumstances at a review, so that a decision can be made as to the need to convene a further Review - see Appointment and Role of Independent Reviewing Officers Procedure.
The child's Social Worker will prepare a report for the Adoption Review, incorporating the views of the child, the prospective adopters and the prospective adopters' social worker (where the child is placed), the birth parents or family members and any other relevant person (for example health visitor or teacher), which should be circulated prior to the meeting.
The Adoption Review will consider the following areas:
- Whether it remains satisfied that the child should be placed for adoption;
- All areas outlined in the Adoption Support Plan;
- The child's needs, welfare and development, and whether any changes need to be made to meet the child's needs or assist his/her development;
- Review the existing arrangements for contact and whether they should continue or be altered. Consider future contact for the child with birth family members. Consider what form future contact should take i.e. direct/indirect, ensure that contact agreements are agreed by the child, the adoptive family, the birth family; consider the arrangements for support for any contact planned and any necessary reviews of contact arrangements to ensure they continue to meet the needs of the child;
- Where the child has been placed for adoption, the arrangements in place in relation to the exercise of parental responsibility for the child and whether they should continue or be altered;
- The arrangements for the provision of adoption support services for the adoptive family and whether there should be any re-assessment of the need for those services;
- In consultation with the appropriate agencies, the arrangements for assessing and meeting the child's health care and educational needs as a previously looked after child (see Promoting the Education of Looked After and Previously Looked After Children);
- Any concerns;
- Outstanding Court proceedings;
- Where the child is placed for adoption, the timing of the adoption application;
- The timing of the 'Later Life Letter' from the child's social worker being given to the prospective adopter (this will usually be within 10 working days of the adoption ceremony, i.e. the ceremony to celebrate the making of the adoption order);
- Any outstanding information for the child or adopters and a date for this to be provided;
- The responsibility for providing Court reports;
- The frequency of future reviews and the date for the next Review.
Where the child is the subject of a Placement Order and has not been placed for adoption by the time of the first six month Review, the Review must also:
- Establish why the child has not been placed for adoption and consider what further steps it should take to arrange for the child to be placed for adoption, including consideration of the Family Finding review;
- Establish why the child has not been matched;
- Consider whether it remains satisfied that the child should be placed for adoption.
The Independent Reviewing Officer must ensure that the needs and views of the child are properly understood by the Review and taken into account.
Where the child wishes to take proceedings on their own account, for example to apply for the revocation of a Placement Order, the Independent Reviewing Officer must assist the child to obtain legal advice or establish whether an appropriate adult is able and willing to provide legal advice and/or bring the proceedings on the child's behalf.
The IRO should advise the child about his or her right to appoint an advocate where they have problems or concerns.
The Independent Reviewing Officer must also ensure that anyone responsible for implementing a decision taken at the review is identified, and that any failure to review the case or implement decisions made at a Review is brought to the attention of senior managers within the agency.
Any decisions made at the Review should be notified in writing to the child (depending on age and understanding), the prospective adopters (where the child has been placed for adoption) and any other person considered relevant by the child's Social Worker and the Independent Reviewing Officer, such as the birth parents.
The information obtained during an Adoption Review, any decisions made at the Review and the minutes of any meeting arranged to consider any aspect of the Adoption Review must be placed on the child's Adoption Case Record.
Where a child has been placed for adoption but not adopted within 12 months, the child's Social Worker must consider the need to present a further report to the Adoption Panel identifying the length of the delay, the reasons and the steps being taken to address any difficulties.
Where an agency decision has been made to place a child for adoption but the child has not been placed within 6 months, the Team Manager and Service Manager will review the Placement Order considering the length of the delay, the reasons and the steps being taken to address any difficulties, including consideration of a review of the Adoption Plan and/or a possible change to long- term fostering/separation of siblings.
Once an Adoption Order is made, the child's Social Worker should complete the Adoption Case Record and ensure that the necessary work has been undertaken to complete the adoption process. The Adoption Case Record should then be closed and sent to the adoption service for safe storage within 2 months of the Adoption Order being granted.
The computer recording system should also record the Adoption Order.
Last Updated: August 12, 2024
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